Pressure on Schools to Raise Test Scores Contributes to Pushout
Research Article/Paper
Orfield, Gary, Daniel Losen, Johanna Wald and Christopher B. Swanson, “Losing Our Future: How Minority Youth are Being Left Behind by the Graduation Rate Crisis,” The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University, The Urban Institute, Advocates for Children of New York and The Civil Society Institute (2004).
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Students with Low Grades are Dropped from School and Counseled Out
Research Article/Paper
Roderick, Melissa, “Closing the Aspirations-Attainment Gap: Implications for High School Reform, A Commentary from Chicago,” School of Social Service Administration and The Consortium on Chicago School Research, The University of Chicago (April 2006).
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No Evidence that High-Stakes Testing Improves Achievement; Instead it Increases Dropout Rates
Research Article/Paper
Nichols, Sharon, Gene Glass and David Berliner, “High-Stakes Testing and Student Achievement: Problems for the No Child Left Behind Act,” The Great Lakes Center for Education Research and Practice (2005).
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High-Stake Testing and Grade Retention Increases Dropout Rates
News Article
Orfield, Gary and Johanna Wald, "Testing, Testing," The Nation (June 5, 2000).
Summary and Link >>